a plus times a plus is a plus. a plus times a minus is a minus. a minus times a minus is a plus. Works just as well as: a plus times a plus is a plus. a plus times a minus is a plus. a minus times a minus is a minus. (-a)(-b) = (-1)(-a)(-1)(-b) = (-1)(-1)(-a)(-b) = (-a)(-b) = (-1)(-ab) = -ab = -ab (-3 lots of) 5 -5-5-5 -3 (lots of 5) 555