Dara under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License _________________________________Critically endangered (CR) ______________________________________________ addax Expansion via grasses and leaves of what shrubs leguminous herbs and bushes are available Aristida, Panicum, and Stipagrostis (staple foods) Acacia trees in absense of staple foods Reduction via Humans (killing, habitat; settlements near waterholes) African wild ass Expansion via desert vegetation grasses, bark, leaves Reduction via ? Asiatic lion Expansion via chital sambar nilgai cattle buffalo wild boar Reduction via Humans (killing. habitat) Alabama cavefish Expansion via copepods isopods amphipods mites, spiders, millipedes, beetles, insects (can also survive on) Reduction via cave crayfish (sometimes) Amur leopard Expansion via animals (which?) Reduction via Humans (killing, habitat; deforestation) Arabian leopard Expansion via ? Reduction via Humans (killing, habitat) Arakan forest turtle Expansion via ? Reduction via Humans (killing) Asiatic cheetah Expansion via chinkara goitered gazelle wild sheep wild goat cape hare Reduction via Humans (killing, habitat; via antelope killing and overgrazing of introduced domesticated animals, mining) axolotl Expansion via trout and salmon pellets, frozen or live bloodworms, earthworms, and waxworms (in captivity) Reduction via Humans (killing, habitat; pollution) African tilapia (introduced by humans) Asian carp (introduced by humans) Wild Bactrian camel Expansion via shrubs Reduction via Humans (killing, habitat; nuclear weapon testing) Bactrians (hybridization) black rhino Expansion via eafy plants branches shoots thorny wood bushes fruit oxpeckers (possibly) Reduction via Humans (killing) lion (calves and seldom small adults) hyenas (calves) elephants (competition) oxpeckers (possibly) blue-throated macaw Expansion via fruit from large palms (often Attalea phalerata, Acrocomia aculeata, Mauritia fleuxosa) Reduction via Humans (killing, habitat; pet trade, land clearing) blue-and-yellow macaw green-winged macaw scarlet macaw large woodpeckers toco toucans barn owls bats bees Brazilian merganser Expansion via Fish molluscs insects larvae Reduction via Humans (habitat; farming (inc. pesticides), mining, watershed degradation, soil erosion, deforestation) brown spider monkey Expansion via soil (eating occasionally) fruit - when availiable figs leaves seeds flowers bark honey decaying wood insects Reduction via Humans (killing, habitat; logging, agriculture, animal farming) jaguars (Panthera onca) mountain lions (Puma concolor) harpy eagles (Harpia harpyja) crested eagles (Morphnus guianensis) California condor Expansion via carrion deer (carcass) goat (carcass) sheep (carcass) donkey (carcass) horse (carcass) rabbits (?carcass?) coyotes (carcass) whales (carcass) sea lion (carcass) ?other aquatic mammals? eagles vultures Reduction via Humans (killing, habitat) Bear? golden eagles (fights over carcass) Chinese alligator Expansion via rats Reduction via Humans (killing, habitat; pollution, posioning of prey, farming) Chinese giant salamander Expansion via insects millipedes horsehair worms amphibians (both frogs and salamanders) freshwater crabs shrimp fish (such as Saurogobio and Cobitis) Asiatic water shrew Reduction via Humans (killing, habitat; untreated waste water, siltation, mining, dams, deforestation, pesticides, global warming) Ranavirus (virus) algae (blooms caused by macronutirents in the water) Cross River gorilla Expansion via Forest Fruit Herbs (inc. Aframomum spp. (Zingiberaceae), Amorphophallus difformis (Araceae)) Bark Trees (Leaves) Climber Reduction via Humans (killing, habitat; deforestation, logging, agriculture, wood harvesting, mining) Ebola Florida panther Expansion via hares mice waterfowl storks white-tailed deer American alligator cows goats horses pigs sheep dogs cats Reduction via American alligator Humans (killing, habitat; encroachment, herbicides, pesticides, fungicides, vehicles)("wildlife control measures") feline leukemia virus feline immunodeficiency virus puma lentivirus gharial Expansion via fish small crustaceans insects (young gharial) tadpoles (young gharial) small frogs (young gharial) Reduction via Humans (killing, habitat; fishing [nets, depletion of fish], dams, barrages, irrigation canals, artificial embankments, siltation, sand mining, [heavy metals, lead cadmium - by humans?]) protozoan parasites Hawaiian monk seal Expansion via fish ([primary food], e.g. bony fish) cephalopods crustaceans lobster ([secondary], food) octopus squid coral beds Reduction via Humans (killing, habitat; encroachment, marine debris; fishing [nets, reduction of fish, lobsters]) Sharks (inc. tiger sharks) jacks barracudas septicemia (via mobbing, via gender imbalance, via slow-growing populations) paracites toxoplasmosis pathogen (via polluted runoff and waste water [in cat feces]) leptospirosis (human introduced) Imperial woodpecker Expansion via Montane forests (made up of Durango, Mexican white, loblolly and Montezuma pines, as well as oak [non inclusive]) Coniferous forests bark from dead pine trees insect larvae beetle larvae (in snags) Reduction via Humans (killing, habitat; deconstruction) Ivory-billed Woodpecker Expansion via thick hardwood swamps thick pine forests larvae of wood-boring beetles seeds fruit other insects Reduction via Humans (killing) Tristan albatross Expansion via fish cephalopods Reduction via Humans (habitat; long-line fishing) rats (introduced by humans) cats (introduced by humans) pigs (introduced by humans) mice (Mus musculus) Amsterdam albatross Expansion via squid (believed) crustaceans (believed) fish (believed) Reduction via Humans (habitat; draining of peat bogs, long-line fishing) rats (introduced by humans) cats (introduced by humans) cows Pasteurella multocida (avian cholera) Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae Leadbeater's possum Expansion via trees (inc. eucalypts [important for anthropods], mountain ash, shining gum, alpine ash, dense mid-story of acacia species) plants wattle saps exudates lerps anthropods ([high proportion], inc. spiders, crickets, termites, beetles) Reduction via Humans (habitat; draining land, logging) Bushfires (from extreme weather) Owls Cats Mediterranean monk seal Expansion via fish mollusks octopus (primarily) squid eels Reduction via Humans (killing, habitat; pollution, encroachment) algae (blooms) morbilivirus mountain gorilla Expansion via fruiting trees leaves, shoots, stems (85.8%) bark (6.9%) roots (3.3%) flowers (2.3%) fruit (1.7%) small invertebrates (0.1%) galium vines (eaten all year round) bamboo (shoots) senecio trees (eats centers) Reduction via Humans (killing, habitat; encroachment, fragmentation, deforestation, agriculture [slash and burn]) Disease (via humans; via animal farming by humans, via other animals controlled/managed by humans) Northwest African cheetah Expansion via antelopes (eg. addax, Dorcas gazelle, rhim gazelle, and dama gazelle) hares Reduction via northern hairy-nosed wombat Expansion via native grasses (eg. black speargrass (Heteropogon contortus), bottle washer grasses (Enneapogon spp.), golden beard grass (Chrysopogon fallax), and three-awned grass (Aristida spp.)) roots Reduction via wild dogs (primary predator) African buffel grass (introduced for cow grazing) floods droughts wildfires habitat loss (... by?) Philippine crocodile Expansion via fish Reduction via Humans (killing, habitat; (fishing, inc. dynamite fishing)) red wolf Expansion via rabbits (before decline of wild population to captivity, and once released from captivity) rodents (before decline of wild population) nutria (introduced by humans, and once released from captivity) white-tailed deer (once released from captivity) raccoon (once released from captivity) deer (before decline of wild population; according to accounts of early explorers) Reduction via Humans (killing, habitat) parvovirus parasites coyotes (competition) saiga antelope Expansion via plants Reduction via Humans (killing, extreme weather; possibly via suspected climate change) wolves foxes (young) steppe eagles (young) golden eagles (young) dogs (young) ravens (young) pasteurellosis (suspected) foraging large amount of wrong plants (causing ruminal tympany; suspected) Pasteurella multocida (difference in usual bacterial behaviour; possibly due to changing environmental conditions) Siamese crocodile Expansion via fish (mainly) snakes (mainly) amphibians small mammals Reduction via Humans (killing, habitat; conversion of wetlands, chemical fertilisers, pesticides, animal farming, land mines, aerial bombardment, dams, fishing [nets, traps]) red-throated lorikeet Expansion via ? Reduction via ? Spix's macaw Expansion via seeds and nuts of various Euphorbiaceae (spurge) shrubs (inc. Pinhão (Jatropha pohliana var. mollissima) and Favela (Cnidoscolus phyllacanthus), Joazeiro (Ziziphus Joazeiro), Baraúna (Schinopsis brasiliensis), Imburana (Commiphora leptophloeos or Bursera leptophloeos), Facheiro (Pilosocereus piauhyensis), Phoradendron species, Caraibeira (Tabebuia caraiba), Angico (Anadenanthera macrocarpa), Umbu (Spondias tuberosa), Unha-de-gato (Acacia paniculata), Maytenus rigida, Geoffroea spinosa, [Combretum leprosum (possibly)]) sunflower seeds (captivity) Reduction via Humans (habitat; deforestation, power lines [single event], dams, climate change [desertification], pet trade?) rats (human introduced) cats (human introduced) mongooses (human introduced) marmoset monkeys (human introduced) goats (human introduced?) sheep (human introduced?) cows (human introduced?) Africanized bee southern bluefin tuna Expansion via crustaceans cephalopods salps marine animals pelagic fishes (including Sardinops sagax) Reduction via Humans (killing) blood fluke gill fluke algae (blooms) Rück's blue flycatcher Expansion via ? Reduction via ? Sumatran orangutan Expansion via forest insects (~17 kinds inc. ants [particularly of the genus Camponotus]) fruit (~92 kinds inc. figs, jackfruits, durians, leeches, breadfruit) bird eggs small vertebrates inner bark of trees (far less) termites soil from termite mounts (occasionally) seeds honey seeds inside the fruit of the Neesia tree leaf material (~13 kinds) vegetable material (~22 kinds inc. top-sprouts, and pseudo-bulbs of orchids) bark slow loris (when low ripe fruit availibility) water Reduction via humans (killing, habitat; deforestation, "pets") Sumatran tiger Sumatran rhinoceros Expansion via plants (~30 species vs ~100 species; young saplings [largest proportion of diet] from trees, other young saplings?, leaves, twigs, and shoots, inc. Eugenia [most common], Euphorbiaceae, Rubiaceae, and Melastomataceae) Reduction via humans (killing [main and only predator], habitat; logging) ectoparacites & other insects ticks gyrostigma trypanosomes (can be spread by horse-flies) surra blue-fronted lorikeet Expansion via flowering trees of the Myrtaceae family bananas (capitivity) milk (captivity) Reduction via Humans (habitat; logging) vaquita Expansion via teleosts (some of the most common prey, eg. grunts, croakers, and sea trout) crustaceans small fish octopuses squid Reduction via Humans (killing, fishing [bycatch from illegal gillnet fishing, trawlnet (may also worsen population); bycatch, seafloor]) Sharks baiji Expansion via Reduction via habitat (killing)(habitat; fishing [entanglement with fishing gear eg. gill nets, fyke nets, electric fishing], hydroelectricity, dams, collisions with boats/ships, pollution) viruses epizootics helminth western lowland gorilla Expansion via roots (part of main diet) shoots (part of main diet) fruit (part of main diet) wild celery (part of main diet) tree bark (part of main diet) pulp (part of main diet) vegetables insects herbaceous stems foliage leaves herbs Aframomum melegueta (inc. seeds) Reduction via humans (killing, habitat; logging, deforestation, encroachment) ebola malaria plasmodium (is carried by mosquitoes) Laverania hawksbill sea turtle Expansion via sea sponges (principal food; [70-95% of their diet in the Carribean] inc. Astrophorida, Spirophorida, Hadromerida, Ancorina, Geodia (G. gibberosa), Ecionemia, and Placospongia, Aaptos aaptos, Chondrilla nucula, Tethya actinia, Spheciospongia vesparium, and Suberites domuncula) algae cnidarians jellyfish (inc. comb jellies, hydrozoan, Physalia physalis) sea anemones coral reefs Reduction via Humans (killing, habitat; pollution, loss of nesting sites due to "coastal development") small mammals (inc. mongooses eat the eggs) sharks estuarine crocodiles octopuses some species of pelagic fish Kemp's ridley sea turtle Expansion via crabs (primarily) mollusks crustaceans jellyfish fish algae seaweed (inc. sargassum) sea urchins Reduction via Humans (killing, habitat; pollution, fishing [entanglement in shrimping nets], oil spill)